The Evolving SEC Actions Against Toxic Lenders

Convertible Financing For decades, microcap issuers on the OTC Markets in need of financing have largely been forced to turn to what are known as “toxic funders” or “toxic lenders.” The money they offer comes with a hefty… Read More

Is My Toxic Lender and Dilution Funder a Dealer? – SEC Toxic Financing Actions

Dilution Funders have been charged by the SEC as unregistered dealers in violation of the Securities Exchange Act. Justin Keener and his company, JMJ Financial and John Fierro and his company, JDF Capital, Inc. are…

A Tale of Two Unregistered Dealers – Toxic Convertible Note Lenders Under SEC Scrutiny

In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) stepped up its efforts to reel in “toxic lenders”: individuals who profit enormously by buying convertible securities in penny stock companies and selling the shares they obtain upon conversion… Read More

SEC Says Toxic Financing Lender and Dilution Funder John Fierro is a Dealer Not a Trader

Dilution Funders and Dilution Financings Challenged by SEC

Xeriant, Inc. Fights Toxic Funder Auctus Fund in Appellate Court

Since 2017, the SEC has been bringing enforcement actions intended to curb the excesses of lenders who deal in convertible securities like promissory notes, preferred stock, warrants, debentures, and more. While the word “lenders” seems anodyne or even… Read More

Toxic Funders: Unregistered Dealers, Short Sellers, or Both?

We’ve often written about “toxic” promissory notes or preferred stock and the unregistered dealers who purchase them. These dealers are not the broker-dealers ordinary retail investors have accounts with. They are individuals with companies of their own that… Read More

Court Says Toxic Note is Usurious

Over the past few years, we’ve written frequently about so-called “toxic lenders” engaged in unregistered dealer activity and the toll their loans take on struggling over-the-counter companies. Nearly all of these companies need financing for operations, research and… Read More

SEC Pursues Unregistered Dealers, Toxic Financing, Toxic Convertible Notes

2020 has been a historic year for Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) enforcement action against toxic lenders as unregistered dealers.

SEC Says toxic funder John M. Fife is an Unregistered Dealer

The SEC filed an enforcement action against John Fife, an unregistered dealer and 5 companies he controlled including St. George Investments LLC and Tonaquint, Inc. According to the SEC, Fife and his companies had acted for years as securities dealers, but failed to register with the SEC and with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) as the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”) requires.

SEC Says Toxic Financings by Dilution Funder, John Fierro Make Him a Dealer Not a Trader

Dilution Funders and Dilution Financings Challenged by SEC We recently wrote about two interesting SEC enforcement actions that examine the question of whether the individuals and entities that purchase convertible promissory notes from public companies are “dealers” according… Read More

Mullen Automotive (MULN): What to Do About Serial Reverse Splitters

At noon on September 13, 2024—Friday the 13th—Mullen Automotive (MULN) announced a 1:100 reverse stock split to become effective on September 17 at 12:01 a.m. The news did not come as a surprise to shareholders. MULN had held… Read More

Court Vacates Order in Unregistered Dealer, Crown Bridge Partners Case

On August 19, 2024, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second District in New York ruled in the case of Darkpulse, Inc., Social Life Network, Inc. and Redhawk Holdings Corp. v. Crown Bridge Partners LLC and… Read More

GHS Investments LLC and its owners, Mark Grober, Sarfraz Hajee and Matthew Schissler, settle with SEC – agree to pay disgorgement and fines and surrender remaining notes, warrants and stock.

On August 19, 2024, GHS Investments, LLC (“GHS”) and its owners, Mark Grober, Sarfraz Hajee and Matthew Schissler, came to a settlement with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC“), agreeing to pay disgorgement and fines and surrender… Read More

SEC Awards Whistleblower a Bounty of More Than $37 Million

On July 26, 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) announced an award of more than $37 million to a whistleblower whose information and assistance led to a successful SEC enforcement action. The whistleblower persisted in reporting the… Read More

Attorney Mark Basile to Participate in Federal Enforcement Action SEC v. Carebourn Capital L.P. and Chip Alvin Rice

Over the past seven years or so, we’ve followed the Securities and Exchange Commission’s efforts to rein in the excesses of predatory lenders who purchase convertible notes, preferred stock, debt, and sometimes warrants from issuers desperate for the… Read More

SEC Obtains $5.9 Million Judgment Against John Fierro in Unregistered Penny Stock Dealer Case

On May 21, 2024, Judge Georgette Castner of the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey entered a final judgment against John D. Fierro and JDF Capital, Inc. The SEC’s complaint alleged that the Defendants… Read More

SEC Charges Convertible Note Dealer Tri-Bridge Ventures, LLC and John Francis Forsythe, III for Failure to Register

On April 29, 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC“) charged John Francis Forsythe, III (“Forsythe”), a resident of New Jersey, and Tri-Bridge Ventures, LLC (“Tri-Bridge”), an entity he owns and controls, with failing to register with… Read More

Ibrahim Almagarby Loses Unregistered Dealer Appeal

On February 14, 2024, the United States Court of Appeals for the Southern District of Florida made its ruling in the case of the Securities and Exchange Commission versus Ibrahim Almagarby and Microcap Equity Group, LLC, ruling in… Read More

SEC Charges J.H. Darbie & Co with Anti-Money Laundering Violations

On December 12, 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) charged J.H. Darbie & Co., Inc., a New York City-based brokerage firm, with failing to report suspicious activity related to transactions in tens of billions of shares… Read More

SEC Charges Unregistered Brokers, Jeffrey K. Galvani and Stuart A. Jeffery, for Facilitating $1.2 Billion in Penny Stock Trades

On November 17, 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) charged Jeffrey K. Galvani, Stuart A. Jeffery, and two New York-based entities they controlled with operating as unregistered broker-dealers that facilitated more than $1.2 billion of securities… Read More

Securities and Exchange Commission v. Manhattan Transfer Registrar Company and John C. Ahearn

On September 20, 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) charged recidivists Manhattan Transfer Registrar Company (“Manhattan Transfer”), a registered transfer agent based in Port Jefferson, New York, and its former principal, John C. Ahearn, a resident… Read More

SEC Sues LG Capital Funding and Its Managing Member, Joseph Lerman, for Acting as Unregistered Securities Dealers

On June 7, 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) announced charges against LG Capital Funding, LLC (“LG Capital”) and its managing member Joseph Lerman of Brooklyn, New York, for failing to register as securities dealers with… Read More

SEC Wins Summary Judgment Against Unregistered Penny Stock Dealer Justin W Keener

On January 21, 2022, Judge Beth Bloom of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida granted the SEC’s motion for summary judgment against Justin W. Keener d/b/a JMJ Financial. The SEC’s complaint alleged that… Read More

SEC Sues Carebourn Capital, L.P. and Its Managing Partner Chip Rice for Acting as an Unregistered Securities Dealer

On September 24, 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) charged Carebourn Capital, L.P. and its managing partner Chip Rice of Maple Grove, Minnesota, with acting as unregistered securities dealers in connection with their buying and selling of… Read More

Two Jackson Men Charged in Multi-Million Dollar Fraud Scheme Conspiracy

On May 20, 2021, Ted Brent Alexander and Jon Darrell Seawright both of Jackson, Mississippi, were indicted by a federal grand jury for their roles in a large multi-million dollar Ponzi scheme that adversely affected hundreds of victims across multiple states over about eight years.

Court Enters Judgments Against Promoters in Pump-And-Dump Scheme

The Securities and Exchange Commission announced that the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California entered final judgments against the remaining three defendants in a 2019 SEC action charging them for their alleged roles in a pump-and-dump scheme in the stock of southern California beverage and cannabis company Green Cures & Botanical Distribution, Inc (GRCU).

SEC Says Unregistered Dealer Almagarby’s Convertible Notes Are Toast

On August 17, 2020, Judge Marcia G. Cooke, persuaded by the SEC’s arguments, handed down an order granting the SEC’s motion for summary judgment against Ibrahim Almagarby. The SEC is now seeking total financial sanctions amounting to $1,147,277, penny stock bars against both Almagarby and his company, Microcap Equity Group LLC, and requests that the court order Microcap Equity to surrender the remaining shares of stock it holds for cancellation and to surrender its remaining conversion rights under any convertible notes still in its possession.

SEC Amends Rule 144 for Convertible Notes and Unregistered Dealers

On December 22, 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”)  voted to propose amendments to Rule 144 to eliminate tacking for shares acquired upon exercise or conversion of market-adjustable securities. Market adjustable securities are most often promissory notes, warrants, or preferred stock convertible into common or other shares at a dramatic discount to the issuer’s trading price. These types of market adjustable securities are known as “toxic financings” or “death spirals” for a reason. These financings are typically provided by persons acting as unregistered dealers, and they have crippling effects on small businesses and investors.

SEC Says Ibrahaim Almagarby and Microcap Equity Group Are Unregistered Dealers

We’ve previously written about Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) enforcement actions pending against John Fierro and Justin Keener alleging unregistered dealer activity. Filed in February and March 2020 respectively, they are similar to a lawsuit the agency brought… Read More

Scottsdale and John Hurry Push Back to Stop FINRA Investigation

On December 17, 2018, John Hurry broker dealer, Scottsdale Capital Advisers Corporation sued the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”), for breach of contract in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia.  Scottsdale and its sister company,… Read More